Types of Social Sanctions:
There are two types of social sanctions.
1:- Positive sanctions.
2:- Negative sanctions.
Both of these are spread in a continuum ranging from death to verbal control such as mockery. Actions involving pain and threats are called negative sanctions. And those which are rewarded, are called positive sanctions.
Positive sanctions include the following.
Praising someone for doing something, shouting slogans
and propagandizing etc. Are positive sanctions.
Negative sanctions include belittling, abusing,
expressing hatred, threatening and making fun of others. Social sanctions are
both formal and informal. Government makes laws to implement formal sanctions.
For example Civil Procedure Code ,
(C. P. C). Which is useful in civil cases.
According to Young & Mack the social sanctions are summarized as
follows.
A reward or punishment used to establish social
discipline is called social sanction. That is to say, the methods for enforcing
social sanctions that individuals follow. They are rewarded and those who
violate them are punished which can range from physical to verbal.
The individuals are perused or compelled to follow sanctions.
Positive Sanctions:
An example of positive sanctions can be given from the Islamic society with orders. In which it is ordered to do right and good work. These includes the orders which have been declared as obligatory in the Shari'ah, and their fulfilment is rewarded by Allah Ta'ala. And There are some negative or forbidden things. There are penalties for doing them. Types of sanctions include methods that are used to establish social discipline. These are of two types. One positive and the other negative.
Positive Sanctions include the following methods.
i:-Praise:
It is the reward given in the form of words and
especially from high level to lower level.
ii:- Flattery:
It is false, exaggerated and illegitimate praise and it
is an effective weapon of society.
iii:- Persuasion:
It also paves the way for people to adopt a certain
behavior like the above strategies.
iv:- Slogan:
Slogan also attracts people towards desired goals.
v:- Reward:
Rewards are awarded for better performance. Medals are
given which motivates those who act. Similarly, uniform and insignia are given
to highlight a quality.
Negative Sanctions:
These are the ways in which individuals fear violating social norms rather than these are social punishments, that are follows.
i:- Gossip:
In gossip individuals form public opinion and generally
criticize people through them.
ii:- Satire:
Such combination
of joke and criticizing exists in the people is called satire. This is a way to
bring forth the flaws of someone.
iii:- Laughing at others:
This is one of the oldest sanction. It is a very
effective mean of punishment. When someone is ridiculed, the group he belonged
to left him alone and he feels himself insecure.
iv:- Abusing:
Such words are used for someone who is hated to harm him
and his social status falls.
v:- Commands:
The way to act or not to act by words is called command.
This is also effective source for social control. The power is directly used in
it.
vi:- Threat:
It is a very strict device in the oral sanctions. It
expresses power. If the threat is not successful, the individual uses force to
inflict harm.
vii:- censorship:
This method is used to prevent the expression of opinion.
Command or authority is found in it.
viii:- Physical Punishment :
When none of the other methods are successful, the method
of physical punishment is used. In which there is fined, Imprisoned, flogged or
hanged.
Formal and
Informal Sanctions:
1:- Formal Sanctions:
The formal sanctions are those that are in the form of law or act in accordance with any prescribed rules and regulations. They include both positive and negative sanctions. In them advertising, fame through radio and TV, awards, medals, uniforms, insignia, civil and military honors are included. Graduates of the University are permitted to wear gowns and getting a degree is also a formal sanction. Issuing orders against anyone, imposing censorship, imposing fines and hanging etc. are also included in the formal sanctions.
2:- Informal sanctions:
Informal sanctions are those for which there is no legal or prescribed regulation. Rather, they are used according to the situation in the society. They also include positive and negative sanctions. Complimenting, flattering, being invited in a function, instructing, enticing, shouting, joking, gossiping, abusing, threatening, etc. are the examples of informal sanctions.
These sanctions change with the circumstances because
they are not in written form. And no law is applicable to them. It is up to the
individuals to follow the routines or not to be influenced by them. If act
upon, then the society life will be happy, if don't, then the living in a
society will be difficult and unpleasant.
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