Preparation for a research report.
:- Preparing a guide line ,your chances of presenting your findings and conclusion in an orderly transition. Argumentative manners are increased if you write something before considering it. If you fixed the guidelines for a topic. Important topics and their points are a part of guidelines. When this is done then prominent and major topics can be divided into small and minor topics . The time used in the preparation of guidelines is not wasted time,because you can go through again if you want. In this way you don't need for go over of any documents. But you should not think that the first draft of a report is final. Each section demands two or three revisions. Every time when go over of section you try to make it more effective and accurate. You have a chance to think in the light of the opinions of the readers who read or see your report and you can make it more effective considering their useful opinions, and it might be that without their comments you could not find out those flaws in your report.
:- Reseach plan is always written in the future tense. But latter on when you complete your report the future has now becomes the past. There is a method, a routine and style for writing. It should be followed enthusiastically.
Basic principles for writing a good report.
1. Brevity.
A basic principle for writing a good report is brevity. Write a brief report up to your utmost capacity but the information about the every topic must be perfect and complete. Brevity doesn't mean that the important information be excluded or ignored. As you know that the subjects of science and mathematics in research report are very brief but in other, subjects research report, it is kept in mind that a researcher doesn't use unnecessary details or irrelevant things. Often in the study pages some irrelevant material is added so avoid from doing it.
2. Vicinity.
It is necessary to follow vicinity during the whole report . Every institution has its own style of writing the reports . So it is necessary to follow the same style or pattern and adopt all the rules and regulations or principles that are instructed by that institution. If an educational institution writes footnote then follow the same continuesly till the end. If a term has been used in some specific meanings , in the first chapter then it is compulsory to use that term in the same meanings till the last. If in an experimental research some formulas are used then it is necessary to use the same formulas in the same way continuesly.
3. Explanation.
One of the salient features of a good report is that it must not be difficult to understand. For this it is necessary that the explanation of the new terms must be explained in the beginning, so that the reader can understand the meaning and he can easily understand that the term has used for these meanings. The benefit of the explanations of the terms is that the subject matter of a thesis can be understand easily and it does not put a reader in any difficulty. Any literacy extract that gives some meanings for a reader and some other are change meanings for another reader is un cleared or defective. To avoid this complexity is necessary for a researcher.
4. Slowness.
The research report is neither a piece of literature, nor a fiction, or a novel, so its text should be very serious and slow or quench. But its sweetness or politeness remains intact. Its purpose is to convey ideas to the readers,and it does not necessarily mean that the reader becomes emotional and impressed by the style of sentence construction rather the purpose should be convey the message to the reader by using lucid words.
--- General Principles For The use of language--
The basic principle in the preparation of a research report is language. There are few basic principles in the use of language sothat the use of language in thesis can be better. These principles are as ---
1. Simple and short/ brief words.
Use simple ,lucid and short words instead of using phrases and idiomatic language.
2. Use of familiar words.
Always try to use familiar word. A familiar word is that used in daily life. If it is necessary to use unfamiliar terms and phrases that make it sure that you have explained their meanings in the beginning.
3. Parsimony in the use of words.
Try to write less words with maximum meanings. Do not use synonymous for example, if you write " This suggestion/opinion is very useful and beneficial. " It would not be good instead you can write that " This suggestion/opinion is very useful. "
4. Be careful in the use of adjectives.
It is a common practice to use an adjective with a noun but in research reports you should rarely use this practice. This affects the objectivity. Adjectives are used often e.g, a critical crisis, a severe flood , a grand meeting, these techniques have extremes, intense and grandiose attributes and the use of such techniques the research reports are not suitable. Thus , the free use of attributes gives , rise to extremism in writing ,write the research reports reflect the reality.
5. Stuffing.
There should not be too many words in the text , for example, it is not appropriate to write " in the month of March. " it should be written like this " in March " ,it is obvious that March is the month itself. Similarly it is not correct to write " etc " after any text. The original thing is written and there is no room for "etc."
6. Words from other languages.
In the language in which the report is being written, try to use as many as possible to write in that language. But, yes if one or few words can not be found in this language and it is necessary to borrow words from another language or the languages, then the commonly used words in the language of this report be taken if those words are not used at all and without them our work is incomplete then those words can be used in the same way as they are.
7. Use of the negative sentences.
It should be kept in mind while writing a report that positive sentences be written. But if the matter can not be said without using negative sentences then negative composition can also be used. But as far as possible the negative structure of sentences must be avoided. Some researchers use double negative sentences it is totally inappropriate because instead of using two negatives writing one positive phrase makes the point,so avoid using double negative sentences.
8. Avoidance of first and second person pronouns.
If first person pronoun though in singular or plural form is being used,it should be avoided because this practice is not good while writing a report. To avoid this passive voice structure of sentence can be used for example if it is to say that I interviewed 10 teachers , should be written instead of saying that 10 teachers were interviewed. In this way first person subject can be avoided.
9. Correct composition.
Research report should be free from grammatical mistakes, otherwise the dignity of report is reduced. And it doesn't show good impressions of a researcher. It would be better that after accomplishing the report gets another view or opinion of a person who is expert in that language it will help to remove grammatical mistakes.
10. Typing of report.
After the completion of the report the most important task is to type it . For this purpose a researcher should hire an expert typist. It may be costly for him but in this way he can save much of his time.
:- Use standard and fine paper for typing that should not be damaged by rubbing once.
:- While typing he should prepare a guide sheet and margin the paper from four sides.
:- Type only one side of paper.
:- The distance between lines should be atleast double space.
:- Typing should be clear and clean.
:- Each new paragraph should be started leaving seven words space from left side.
:-If a long tail word comes at the end of line divide it by a dash-,that means the other part of sentence is in next line.
:- If a text is copied from other passage, it must not be more than three lines ,and it should be typed on single space.
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