Advantages and disadvantages of machines:
Significance:
Along with the development of science and technology, the
use of machines in the production of goods has increased. Just see the
agriculture that tractors are being used instead of oxen for ploughing. Instead
of harvesting by hands, harvesters and threshers are being used for threshing.
Machines are used in all stages from harvesting to carry the crops to the
markets. Similarly, in the industrial sector, there are large factories of
steel, cement, cloth and other goods, in which goods are manufactured with the
help of complex machines installed. In the different production fields machines
are being used frequently that it can be said the machine age.
Qualities:
(i):- Uniformity in units:
All units of production of a machine are similar. If an
item is made by hand, not all its units are the same. As the motions of
machines are same so the units of the things produced by machines are also
same.
(ii):-
Not to feel tired and fatigued:
A person gets tired of doing something daily and his
boredom sometimes affects his health. It is commonly seen that people who work
in garment factories or work in other factories their health deteriorates
rapidly over time. Along with the physical effect of their work, their mental
condition is also affected, they start to look older before time. Those people
get irritated by temperament but this is not the problem with the machine, take
the news paper printing machine. It works day and night. But it never gets bore
as the writer of the news paper.
(iii):-
Heavy and complex work can be done easily:
From a physical point of view, Allah has blessed man with
limited strength and power, the weight of which hundreds or even thousands of
people could not lift together can easily be moved from one place to other with
the help of a machine.
(iv):- Cause of increase in labor productivity:
The tractor is a machine ploughs in an hour as much ground as a pair of ploughs, oxen and one man could probably do in several days. A heavy machine is fixed in cloth sewing factories which sews the whole coat in minutes whereas a tailor does this in many days.
(v):-
The distributor gets a boost:
When the production organization is based on distributor
principle. According to the same principle, every productivity and especially
the production of labor is concentrated in its own place in a specific work,
which keeps the productivity per unit high as if the machine is used, the
employer will get more because of the distributor then more profit will be
obtained.
(vi):- Possibility of large scale production:
Today the economic
life has become a life of competition. Distances are decreasing due to the
inventions of science. Nowadays, it does not take long to carry goods from one
place to another. So people try to produce on a large scale so that maximum
quantity can be distributed to others. And the maximum profit can be gained.
(vii):-
Cost reduction:
When the units of production are maximum, of course the
total cost increases, but the average cost decreases, in case that the
production process is taking place at the law of diminishing cost.
Defects:
(1):- Air pollution:
The air in the areas where the industrial factories are
running has become a victim of pollution. Clean and fresh air is not available
to people. The health of people remains bad.
(ii):-
Hazardous work environment:
People work on machines, but every day they have to face
some kind of accidents, countless workers lose their lives, while there are a
large number of workers who have lost any part of their body while operating machines.
(iii):- Overproduction:
Today's economy where machines are used intensively economy suffers from a unique problem, it has been found that sometimes production becomes so high that prices have to be reduced to make ends meet. Sometimes it also happens that despite of a good price reduction, the goods are not fully sold in the market. And it is full in warehouses. Thus there a fear arises of spreading unemployment.
(iv):- Possibility of unemployment:
The use of machines creates unemployment for a period of
time. It is quite possible that one man can do as much work with the help of a
machine as ten men can do without a machine. In such a case, nine out of ten
workers will become unemployed due to the use of machines.
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