the role of posters, maps and graphs in making the lesson easy and interesting

Posters:

According to S.L. Ahulwalia's point of view:

"A poster is a visual device used to draw attention,  to clearly and simply explain a story ,fact, idea or concept.” According to Goods Dictionary of Education, a poster is a pictorial or decorative advertisement conveying a message by using emotional elements that reinforces a behavior or induces an action.

 

A poster is a detailed expression of a powerful emotional stimulus that is advertised as a combination of shapes, diagrams, text, or other visual phenomena. Its purpose is to convey a particular message, to teach a particular point of view or to prevalence of  a general point of view. Posters have a deep impact on the observers.

   

Features:

 

i:- Conciseness:

 

Using as few words as possible, eg four or five. o

ii:- Idea :

Idea should be conceived in its true sense.

iii:-Simple Layout:

The layout of the components of the poster should be kept simple.

iv:- Effective use of colors.

v:- Simple explanation.

vi:-Proportionate use of colors.

vii:-Avoidance of enamelling of characters.

 

The above factors make the poster more noticeable.

 

Uses of Poster:

 

i:-Presents an idea or topic in an effective manner.

 

ii:-Promotes scholastic or social activities.

 

iii:-Posters play an important role in the classroom environment.

 

iv:-It conveys the message in a simple and efficient manner by attracting attention due to its attractive elements.

 

v:-Creates movement in the class.

 

vi:-Creates a powerful and lasting effect.

 

vii:-Becomes the emotional and aesthetic source of viewers.

 

Scope of the Poster:

 

i:-Attracts the eye due to its attractive background regardless of the importance of the message hence comprehensive understanding.

ii:-A poster is a simple and intuitive tool that summarizes the entire message at a glance.

iii:-Clearly presents its purpose with desired results.

iv:-A poster expresses a clear purpose.

v:-If the text is not attractive and accurate, it makes the poster un-understandable.

vi:-Smudges make the poster unattractive and ineffective.

 

 Steps for preparation of poster:

i:-Choosing a topic.

ii:-Choosing appropriate words to express the subject or purpose.

iii:-Arrange some sketches and choose the best one among them.

iv:-Arrange for the supply of all the items required for the production of the poster.

v:-Prepare the text.

 vi:-List the desired objectives.

 

In the final stages of preparation, remove stains etc.

 

Maps:

Maps are indispensable for teaching many subjects like geology, history, economics and social sciences etc. Teaching these subjects without the help of maps is unrealistic, ineffective and incomplete. A good teacher can motivate students to turn their fear of using maps into a real passion for using them. However, it is pre-determined for the teacher to use these invariable maps on every occasion in the class and the presence of maps with each student is mandatory. Every student should be aware of some basic aspects of map such as copying, editing , insertion of symbols, coloring and other basic components that help in preparation. Due to ignorance of the basic knowledge about the preparation of maps, most of the students avoid using them.

 

 

 Definition:

 

The comprehensive information of human presence is called a map. A map as a record of spatial concepts conveys the facts in an excellent way that no other medium can. A map accurately describes measurement outlines, complete details of land surface boundaries, countries, etc. on a flat surface. Geological details such as mountain ranges, rivers, elevations, land features and important locations can also be highlighted and taught accurately. Maps are the drawing of the climate, natural conditions and places etc. of a particular country or countries.

 

Purposes of using maps:

 

i:- To outline the Earth's position in the universe and the geological features of the Earth.

ii:- Showing the relationship between locations.

iii:- Providing information on distances, weights, textures and volumes etc.

iv:- Explaining narrative information.

v:- Reducing distance and area measurements and thus making the illusions of volumes, distances and directions realistic.

vi:- Understanding boundary lines, connecting lines, contours and dimensions.

vii:- Understanding of colors, shades, symbols etc. in a map or globe.

 

viii:- Differentiate between different types of maps eg geographical maps, political and distributive semi maps etc. According to Richard E Survey

the maps can be used widely following these steps.

 

i:- Maps in which colors are used as primary symbols.

 

ii:- Conventional or the use of new symbols.

 

iii:- Reorganized maps.

 

iv:- Each map should be accompanied by relevant information.

 

v:- Globes.

 

Scope of maps:

 

i:- A map should be accurate, fixed, of good printing and preparation and durable.

 

ii:- Many maps are not clearly visible to all students in the class.

 

iii:- Most teachers are reluctant to teach map reading.

 

iv:- Each map should be accompanied by relevant details.

 

v:- Characters are useless if they are not entered clearly.

 

 Graph:

A visual representation of numerical data is called a graph. Graphs basically show relationships in data that are difficult to understand through mere narrative expression. It provides an intelligible method of fact analysis, comparison and forecasting that is key to a problem-solving analysis.

 

Characteristics of Graph:

 

i:- Basically, a graph is a summary procedure.

ii:- It is an effective means of expressing complicated facts, parallels and comparisons.

iii:- Offers precise specification, statistical analysis features, interpretation and comparison.

iv:- A graph plays an abstract role due to its symbolic expression.

v:- Simple and elegant.

Diagrams, lines and dots are used to understand numerical and statistical data to express figures and ratios.

   

 Kinds of Graph:

 

1. Line graph.

2. bar graph.

3. Pie graph.

4. Picto graph.

5. Flannel graph.

 

Steps in Preparing Graphs, Maps, Diagrams:

 

The following steps must be taken into account in preparing the best graph.

 

i:- Provide guidance and support.

ii:- Prepare the students.

iii:- Use of information

iv:- Test students after providing support.

v:- Re-explain the examples if the preceding steps are not clear.

 

 Uses of Graphs:

 

Awareness:

The teacher should be fully aware of graphing accurately and neatly.

 

Neatness:

The graph should be neat and artistic. Its quality should be better.

 

Validity:

Scales and measurements of graphs should be accurate and understandable to students.

 

Graphs and Paper:

Graphs should be well made. Use good quality paper for graphs. A pencil of a good quality should be used.

 

Signals:

Signals should be properly defined. Signs should be used so that students can understand by themselves.

 

Blackboard:

The teacher can also draw graphs on the blackboard.

 

Limitations of graphs:

 

i:- If the graph is not made cleanly, it will lose its importance.

ii:- The teacher should be skilled in making graphs and explaining them clearly to the students.

iii:- Graphs should not be stored for long periods if the paper is not of good quality.

iv:- If proper notation and scale are not included, the graph itself will not be understandable.