Gagne's Framework for Instructional Development:
Robert Gagne, a renowned scholar of educational psychology,
has identified nine teaching tips that can be incorporated into lesson plans to
enhance learning.
These points are generally used by teachers as a framework
for instructional development.
These
nine points are as follows:
1:- Gaining Attention of Students:
To get the attention of the students regarding the lesson, various methods are adopted to attract attention to the lesson, for example, connecting the lesson with the previous experiences of the students, starting the lesson with the daily affairs of the students, etc.
2:-
Informing Learners of the Objectives:
The objectives of the lesson should be clearly stated to the
students, that is, the students should be told what they are going to learn in
the lesson being taught.
3:- Stimulating Recall of Prior Learning:
The teacher can refresh the old information in the mind of the students through various questions to connect the new lesson with the previous learning of the students.
4:- Presenting the Content:
The teacher introduces new concepts to the students, and
explains their meaning and details clearly so that the students can grasp it.
5:- Providing Learning Guidance:
Teachers use audio and visual aids to create the best environment for learning.
6:-
Providing Opportunities to Practice:
Teachers provide students with examples and practice
opportunities from everyday life to remember and practice new lessons.
7:- Providing Feedback(Information about how to Improve):
When students complete an assignment, the teacher checks it, commenting on the work gives instructions to correct.
8:-
Assessing Performance:
To see if students have grasped the new concepts to some
extent, various assessment methods are used, including tests, papers or exams.
This testing or review can be done on a daily, weekly or monthly basis.
9:- Enhancing Retention and Transfer:
Teachers organize activities that make students better understand the lesson being taught to remember, and don't forget, learned behavior is consolidated when the student uses it to solve a variety of problems. That is, when the student applies his knowledge in a changed situation, only then he gets complete mastery.
CONCLUSION:
Finally, Gagne's teaching framework gives teachers a deep
insight for teaching well. It helps to guess
the performance of students in gaining attention and maintaining
interest. By using these nine points in lesson plans, teachers can create
interesting and better teaching experiences. For a good teaching it is
necessary to set the goals in front, encourage the learning and to give the
students enough opportunities for practical work. Because the aim is not just
to teach but to ensure that students learn to overcome difficulties by using
the knowledge they have learned in difficult situations. Gagne's framework
serves as a practical guide for teachers, provides a dynamic and effective
learning environment that gives the students understanding and mastery.
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