COMMONLY USED PEDAGOGIES:
1- PRAXIS:
The purpose of dialogue between teacher and learner, leader and follower on an equal level is called praxis. It can be traditionally defined as the creative activity through which we create the world. Through praxis or dialogue, one relates to the surrounding world and the routines of the world develop. They are part of an ideological process that develops on practical and political grounds. Praxis in education refers to bridging gaps in theory and practice of change. Therefore education through praxis is linked to social changes.
2- DIALOGISM:
According to Richard Paul, dialogic thinking leads to critical thinking. Critical teaching involves the study of words as well as the study of the world. Therefore, language is the first barrier to overcome in critical thinking. According to Giroux, with the help of a critical, adversarial and theoretical language, teachers can move towards the debate that is needed in critical teaching. Degener affirms that teachers should be sensitive to other forms of communication, even if the same language is spoken in the classroom, because according to Giroux, it is the teacher who determines Which voices will be heard in the classrooms and which will be vanished.
According to Degener's point of view, the importance of language can be explained in two ways.
First, the curriculum should be in the language of the students' own language
so that the students can be actively involved in the teaching process. Second,
in order to understand the world and be able to change it, students need to use
a language that they can use as a tool for discussion. Therefore, language is
an important problem for backward students. So it is the language that enables
students to expand their understanding.
3- QUESTIONING:
According M. D. and William Glaser critical thinking through specific types of questions provides insight into action development. According to Glaser’s approach, schools with standard teaching methods use questioning techniques to encourage students in the process of analyzing information. By using a questioning strategy, teachers present information in such a way that it engages students in thinking while developing a thinking style.
These questioning strategies don't just contain content,
they go deep. Teaching through content – questions should be formulated
keeping in mind the various objectives presented in the content. The process
consists of two stages.
In the first stage, students develop an understanding of
the ideas, principles and concepts in the material in their minds. In the
second stage, students apply these ideas, principles and theories to situations
in their practical life. This is the stage of practical application of
information.
Good teachers teach using questioning skills develop
critical thinking in their students at every stage.
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