CRITICAL THINKING IN EDUCATION:
Critical theory in teaching and learning is the inclusion of critical thinking in education and teaching through broad studies of sociology .
It examines the
social, cultural, political and economic context of compulsory education. And
it clarifies that how education is
playing its role in the prevailing cultural trends of the society and
giving birth to such a generation
whose members have no ability to change the current
situation and follow the instructions given by the powerful people.
In the 20th
century, there was a clear change in the situation
when the theory
emerged that the current society based on capitalism is based on injustice and
exploitation.
It was also said that the so-called normative values on
which the present society is based can be
challenged and if people know their abilities they can
change these values.
Based on sociological, psychological and anthropological
evidence, critical theory asserts that a better society is possible, but that
it can only be achieved by eliminating existing values and characteristics.
But these changes can happen only in the lives of those people who aspire to
bring these changes. This critical analysis leads to the mechanisms that create
authoritarian values in the society and due to which the social tendency of
power and authoritarianism is created in the society. By the twentieth century,
these critical theories had also entered in the field of education.
In the field of education, critical theory takes a
critical look at history, educational evolution and formation of educational
routines and educational concepts. According to this theory, the former and
current schools of thought are the reason for the formation of the current
education system. That is, communism and capitalist way of thinking etc.
Critical theories suggest that the existing education system is reproducing
this situation whereby only the privileged get more benefits.
On the contrary,
the critical theory of education tries to promote the educational theory in
which education is considered as a tool for the transfer of social values. And
it is considered as a means of achieving social, cultural and economic equality.
Critical view of education covers many aspects of social and educational
theories. That is, the educational context, curriculum, teaching style, the
role of the state, the influence of organizational forces, and many other
matters of cultural and individual identities.
TEACHER AS A CRITICAL THINKER:
Critical thinking influences one's thinking about instructional design and thinking about the content to be taught. As a teacher, an individual needs to focus on two aspects. He must first become a critical thinker and then teach students through critical analysis so that students can learn critical thinking skills.
So the
teacher should know that for critical teaching the following skills are
essential:
*Ability to read, write, speak and listen.
* Ability to argue all aspects of a subject.
*Ability to make decisions and solve problems.
*Proficiency in analysis and testing.
*The ability to make good choices about others and about
oneself.
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