Despite the fact that Pakistan's economy is primarily
agricultural, agriculture is underdeveloped here.
Several reasons can be identified for this, which are as under
:
OLD-STYLE
EQUIPMENTS:
The methods of
agriculture in Pakistan are old. Farmers are farming with traditional old-style
equipments.
The yield per acre cannot be increased from those old
farming methods that are still applied by Conservative farmers for example
ploughing the fields with bulls or horses.
NON-ECONOMIC
PIECE OF LAND:
Farmers have small plots of land and also non-economic
plots at a distance of several miles.
In these
conditions, they cannot work fully on their land. There is a need to be
repeated the inclusive approach over and over again, because the conflict in
the law of inheritance of land is increasing. It is estimated that 30 percent of the farmers
have less than 112 acres of land that can meet their needs and do not provide
them with resources for development.
LACK
OF EDUCATION:
Due to the lack of education among the professional
population, they are unable to consider the modern mechanized method of
cultivation as a lack of education. Also, due to ignorance, farmers suffer from
numerous evils that hinder the development of agriculture.
HIGH
POPULATION DEPENDENCE ON AGRICULTURE:
The population dependent on agriculture is very large in
proportion to the resources. As a result a large number of population in
villages is semi-unemployed. They spend a small spell of year in working and
waste a large portion of time in merely gossiping.
LACK
OF CAPITAL.
Farmers do not have capital to provide proper seeds and
machinery and they are forced to sell their crops at low prices due to their
immediate need, hence they do not enjoy the development of agriculture.
LAND TENURE/
OWNERSHIP SYSTEM :
The big landowners are also responsible for the
development of agriculture, despite the fact that agricultural reforms have
been implemented in the Pakistan the ownership of land by wrong ways still
exists and big landowners have the land many times more than the prescribed
limit. A big land owner doesn’t take interest in farming his whole land and divides it into small pieces and gives it to
small farmers for cultivation, thus the production cannot be increased
profitably.
LAPS
IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM:
Pakistan's canal system is one of the largest
irrigation systems in the world, despite
of this best irrigation system, a lot of land is only rain-fed, that , it is
cultivated when it rains, and if there is no rain at the right time, the crop
is not ready. Tube well scheme is trying
to fill this deficiency.
WATER-LOGGING AND SALINITY:
In this case, a lot of our land is being drained, trying
to meet the flood water
logging ,salinity, erosion and other seasonal calamities also cause erosion in the land.
NATURAL
CALAMITIES:
Apart from floods, many natural calamities also affect
our agricultural production. Gaps are untimely lost and storms and sometimes
hailstorms destroy standing crops.
NOT PAYING PROPER ATTENTION TO CROP ROTATION:
Some crops obtain food from above ground and have
taproots. For example, (wheat)
In order to maintain the productivity of the land, it is
necessary that where the first type of crop is grown in one year, the second
type of crop is grown in the second year so that the upper surface of the land
restores its capacity and the second type of crop receives food from the
subsoil layer and can produce more. Manipulation of these crops is little
considered in Pakistan.
LACK OF
LOAN FACILITIES:
Many new
government initiatives and new schemes and lack of facilities for agriculture
development loans Despite the bank's efforts, small farmers are not provided
credit as per their requirement. Also sometimes the farmer is not in a position
to pay the loan and its interest There is a need to provide interest-free loans
to farmers.
HABIT OF LATIGATION:
Lack of education and awareness, lack of proper attention
to character building and habit of litigation, weak-judicial system has
encouraged the scourge of litigation and farmers spend a considerable part of
their income on mutual litigation. Land ownership disputes, farmer-owner
conflicts and water shortages and attempts to illegally capture water from
other's share have put farmers in litigation, lawyers' fees and rounds of
police stations and courts is another cause of cultivation ignorance.
INADEQUATE PRICES:
One of the reasons for the economic backwardness of the
farmer is that the markets are unorganized and the prices are not adequate.
Speculators keep on increasing and decreasing the prices of commodities
suddenly, due to which profiteers and hoarders are getting richer day by day.
The condition of farmers is not changing. There is a need
to respect the markets, build roads to
access the markets and end the indiscriminate patronage of capitalists.
LACK OF
SOCIAL AWARENESS:
The biggest problem of agriculture is the lack of mental
quality of the farmer and the lack of economic and social awareness. Most of
the villagers live a life of history and make a living by hard work. Instead of
making their own luck, they are satisfied with their failures as bad luck and
do not analyse their mistakes.
Despite being Muslims, they do not know the teachings of
Islam, because of their lack of connection with Allah, ignorant prejudices
prevail. Wasteful spending on the occasion of marriage and extravagance on
rituals by taking loans even after death is the result of lack of Islamic
consciousness. Even the village scholars do not try to correct it and the
aimless education system which does not focus on character building is also
responsible for this.
INAPPROPRIATE USE IF FERTILIZERS:
Our agriculturists do not have access to adequate amounts
of chemical fertilizers and animal dung is used as fuel instead of being used
as fertilizer. Hence the yield per hectare remains low. Over the past few
years, the prices of artificial fertilizers have increased so much that it has
become difficult for the poor farmer to afford them.
PLANTS
DISEASES AND INSECTICIDES:
In order to treat the diseases that affect the crops,
plant diseases and insecticides are used, there is mismanagement and misconduct, but the
officials related to the religion or the people's representatives are not
honest, adequate amount of medicine is not available. Insects, locusts and birds
continue to damage the crops.
MISMANAGEMENT
AND MALPRACTICE:
The government has taken several measures to control
mismanagement and malpractice, but they are not implementing these projects.
The result is that the tube well scheme is not yielding sufficient results. The
measures to solve the problems of the farmers have also not shown results.
remained and water logging and salinity could not be controlled effectively.
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