PRINCIPLES
FOR PREPARATION OF TIME TABLE IN EDUCATION
Schedule compilation is not as easy as it is thought to be.
This is not the name of putting the subjects in boxes ,rather,
in the background of its arrangement, many working people have to keep in mind
the most important thing that is kept in mind while compiling the schedule is
that the educational program of the schools, among the educational objectives
of such Accordingly, in what way is it possible to achieve these objectives to
some extent if there is no planning of educational activities as a whole and
proper distribution of time in it according to the psychological, social,
physical and mental needs of the students, the importance of the subjects, If they are not taken into account, the
educational objectives will not be fulfilled.
These basic considerations point to some important
principles which seem necessary to be mentioned separately. These principles
are actually milestones in the teaching system which not only determine the
goal but also make it easier to reach it. However, the timetable can be
prepared according to the prescribed requirements of the curriculum department
and the board and within the prescribed limits.
THE LENGTH OF THE TEACHING DAY
While compiling the time table some essential and basic
information must be known and provided for the compiler such as how many months
the academic year will be. How many hours will the course consist of? And how
many minutes will the duration of an interval or period be? And how many
periods per week will be required to teach a subject? There may be some
variation in school timings due to local conditions and other climatic
influences.
All these elements form the base and interlink of the
timetable. In primary classes, the teaching period of class 1 is less than
other classes. For example, if the teaching or educational day of the primary
classes is five hours, then the first class will be of three hours. Similarly,
the total teaching period of primary classes is less than the teaching period
of higher classes. There are two entertainment periods in the schedule for basic
classes while one entertainment period is scheduled
for senior classes . Apart from this, in
view of climatic effects educational timings in summer is of five hours and in winter
it is for six hours.
DURATION OF TEACHING PERIOD
During the preparation of a time table the nature of work, importance
of subject, physical age of students and
local environment is kept in mind.
The reduction in the number of periods for different
subjects is possible. It means that the length of teaching time for those subjects
which demand more attention their timing is reduced. For example, mathematics, science
etc. The length of time is longer for practical subjects. For example, industrial
arts, agriculture and fine arts, likewise science mechanics require more time
before or after school hours.
Generally there are 46 to 49 periods for primary and middle classes
and the duration of each period is of 30 to 35 minutes, whereas the periods for
secondary classes in a week are 45, and the duration of each period is not less
than 40 minutes.
IMPORTANCE OF SUBJECTS
The respective importance of the subjects has a significant
impact on the schedule and one has to see what is the relative importance and
nature of a subject.
Is it difficult or easy?
It is theoretical or
practical?
It should be included in the timetable of any teaching day, or in which days of the teaching week would be
more appropriate, but it is also necessary to see whether a subject should be
kept continuously the whole week or on a specific day of the week , For
example, in science, it is necessary to do practical with theory.
If adequate time cannot be arranged for it before or after
school hours, then continuous or a few extra periods will be provided for it in
time.
There are usually three periods of reading and physical
education at the secondary level, they will have to be coordinated and the change
will be more appropriate.
The periods for some subjects are less and for some other subjects
there are more periods. For example, there
are five periods of science and mathematics and elective subjects have four periods.
There are seven periods for Urdu and nine for English, and
in practical arts at middle level there are thirteen periods and at secondary
level there are eighteen periods.
Therefore, the periods of these different subjects are arranged in such a way
that they do not influence over other subjects and in the timetable there should be balance, coherence ,continuity and harmony.
TIREDNESS
Psychologically, it is not considered appropriate that all
subjects should be taught on the same day at the same time or at the same time
and the students' intellectual and physical abilities are not kept in mind, in
such a case not only mental and physical tiredness arise but emotional
exhaustion also develops.
Psychologists classify subjects on the basis of intensity,
taking into account the age of the children, their mental capacity, emotional likes
and dislikes, global status, seasonal effects and variations, and teaching
hours. For example, teaching mathematics is more tiring than English and
teaching English is more tiring than Urdu.
Physical exercise,
even if it causes temporary physical fatigue, removes both mental and emotional
fatigue of children.
In the same way, music refreshes the children more than
studying the theory. While studying theory than practical science doesn’t burden
the minds of students.
Writing is more
tiring than reading. Such features of subjects should to be taken into account
in the schedule. Apart from this, there are other important considerations that
need to be addressed. For example, continuous teaching of a subject leads to
fatigue. It would be more appropriate to teach languages or social studies in
the first period. Because the first period is a kind of warming up or mental
preparation.
After studying,
writing work will be more suitable.
SUITABILITY OF PLACE AND SUPPLY OF TEACHERS
While preparing the timetable, the school building i.e. place
facility and the number of teachers are taken into consideration. If the
teachers are full and the number of students is adequate and there is enough
space for them to sit, then the schedule of single section parties can be made
very easily. In this way, students of special subjects will be able to study in
special rooms and other compulsory subjects in their respective classes.
But this kind of ideal situation is rarely seen in schools,
the number of students in schools is often high and the number of relevant
teachers is low.
In such a case, the aim is to get maximum benefits from less
number of teachers and insufficient building facilities. That is, the timetable
will be arranged in such a way that a room can be used repeatedly for different
activities at different times and there will not be multiple groups due to
shortage of teachers and the scope of optional subjects will be limited. And
for some subjects, collective teaching
method will have to be adopted.
CHANGE
IN LAW
Humans are actually diversifiers and innovators. Children,
on the one hand, are multi-faceted, but on the other hand, their attention span
and ability to focus on one thing is also less, even though it develops
maturity, stability and persistence over time.
When a subject or a topic is taught over and over again,
students lose interest in it. And their ability to concentrate on the same
subject or topic becomes dim. Therefore, this psychological aspect should be
considered in timing. And it has to be considered more for primary school children.
In the timetable, the same subject matter should be changed after each period. There
should be a balance in the teaching and practical work of each subject so that
the children feel the change on the one hand, their attention and interest
remain, and at the same time, the sense of understanding and deriving the
subject.
Apart from the above rules, there are many other things that must
be kept in mind in the time book. For example, the entertainment period that
has already been added should be reserved more for younger children. The free
periods of the teachers are being kept in the schedule appropriately so that
the teachers can breathe a sigh of relief after teaching continuously and they can
also prepare for the next periods.
If a teacher has consecutive periods or is vacant or if the
same subject is taught by a teacher more often or some teachers are busy with
other administrative affairs of the school apart from teaching duties, if all
these things are not taken care of in the time sheet, In this way, an
unbalanced and disturbing situation will appear. Apart from this, the schedule
should also have flexibility and adaptability so that changes can be easily
made in view of the need and uncertain conditions.
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