FIRST AID ITS DEFINITION AND APPLICATION IN SOME CASES:

Introduction

First aid refers to the medical aid that is provided to an injured person immediately after an accident before the arrival of a doctor or before the patient is taken to a hospital. In first aid training, awareness is gained on how to treat the injured, prevent injuries and deal with emergency situations. Although a paramedic cannot take the place of a trained doctor, temporary relief of the patient's pain can help reduce the effects of the injury and stop bleeding from the wound.

It is important for the first aid provider to provide medical aid immediately without any delay. Immediate medical aid plays a very important role in saving the patient's life and in his early recovery. In any accident victim, even if there are no signs of life, try to transfer the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. The death of any person suffering from an accident should not be assumed.

Definition of first aid:

1-H Mughalan

First aid refers to the treatment, assistance or guidance given to an injured person immediately after an accident.

It is provided before the arrival of the doctor or before the patient is taken to the hospital."

2-J Stephen

The timely and temporary care provided to a victim in the event of a sudden accident or illness is called first aid."

3-S. Walter

"In the event of a sudden calamity such as an earthquake, storm, flood or accident, lightning, fire or war, the assistance provided at the scene of the accident to save the life of a victim is called first aid".

The guiding principle of first aid.

1- To keep the patient in the open air.

A crowd usually gathers at the scene of the accident. Due to which the patient has difficulty in breathing. This requires keeping the crowd away from the patient or moving the patient to the nearest open air for first aid.

2-Maintain body temperature of affected patient.

Due to the accident, the injured person suffers from shell-shock, which usually does not lower his body temperature. In such a case, it is necessary to make every possible effort to keep the patient warm.

3-Eliminate the cause of the accident.

As soon as possible. The patient should be removed from the accident site to prevent further damage and the mental stress can be avoided.

4-Immediate treatment

First aid should be provided immediately without any delay. Promptly provided medical information plays a very important role in saving the life of the patient and in his early recovery. There should be no fear or hesitation while giving medical aid. The guiding principle of medical aid is also that the first and more attention should be given to the more injured patients.

5-Artificial respiratory system

To save life when someone becomes unconscious and stops breathing in an accident he should be provided with artificial provided immediately. Artificial respiration should also be given in case of suffocation.

6-Immediate Stopping of Bleeding.

If bleeding occurs, try to stop the bleeding as soon as possible, excluding other injuries.

7-Compassionate attitude

The patient is very nervous due to the accident, the gentle and sympathetic attitude of the medical attendant helps to reduce the fear and terror from the patient's mind.

8-Immediate transfer of the patient to the hospital

It is important for the medical aid provider to try to get the patient to a doctor immediately.

· Attributes of a first aid provider

:-He should have advanced knowledge of medical aid and know its limits.

:-He should avoid getting into unnecessary complications.

:-He should be good-mannered, gentle-hearted and have a spirit of service.

:-He would have been brave and fearless to start medical treatment without wasting time.

:-He should be able to judge the nature and depth of injuries from the causes of the accident.

:-He should not allow injury or damage to increase with his knowledge and tact.

:-Have the ability to enlist people to help you.

:-He must be familiar with that knowledge. This knowledge will help him in giving proper first aid to the patient.

:-A person with strong nerves can be a good helper.

:-In the light of his experience, he acts promptly on the necessary medical aid without influencing people by unnecessary and fear-filled conversations.

1-Fire Prevention, Safety Measures and First Aid.

Be it the Stone Age or the modern scientific age, fire has always been an important need of man. But whenever carelessness and negligence were used in the use of fire, the result was in the form of accidents. To avoid such accidents, it is important to follow the following precautions while using fire.

Precautions

:-Care should be taken in the use of fire.

:-When working near fire, the use of clothes that can cause to catching fire should be avoided.

:-In case of fire in the clothes, you should not wash it. Otherwise, the fire may spread more.

:-The fire can be put out by rolling on the ground.

:-If another person sees a patient on fire, the fire can be put out by wrapping a blanket, a sack or a thick sheet around him.

· First aid help

:-Do not throw water on the patient who is on fire.

:-Separate the clothes from the body in such a way that the wounds do not increase.

:-Burned areas, arms or legs extending from the heart.

:-Do not let the patient walk at all.

:-Cover the wound with a clean sheet to prevent germs.

:-Monitor breathing and do not block the airway.

:-Reassure the patient and avoid shock.

:-Try to get the patient to the hospital immediately.

2-Electric Shock

Electrocution is caused by an electric current.

In this case, the skin and internal tissues of the body are damaged. While in the case of high blood pressure, breathing and heart function can also stop. The risk of electric shock is present in every home so in this reregard caution is very important. In case of electric shock, do not touch the electric wires until the supply of electricity is stopped from behind.

Your hands should be dry when helping. Moreover, you should never stand on a wet place at this time. Dry wood or bamboo can be used to remove electrical wires.

Early class support

:-Cover the burn with a sterile bandage.

:-If the patient has stopped breathing, artificial respiration should be given.

:-The soles and palms of the injured feet should be massaged. If the patient is unconscious, turn him on his side.

:-A doctor should be consulted or the injured person should be taken to the hospital.

:-If the victim is conscious, lay him on his back with his legs off the ground.

3-Poisoning

It is a toxic substance which is very harmful to health after entering the body.

There are side effects. In some cases, it even leads to death. Poisons can enter the body in the following ways.

:-By mouth with food

:- Different poisonous gases through breathing

:- through skin biting by poisonous insect or injection

Various poisonous gases are injected through inhalation or through the skin through the bite of a poisonous insect. Many pesticides, insecticides, cleaning agents, etc. are quite toxic. As soon as it is known or it happens that poison has been swallowed, in such a situation, it is necessary to give immediate medical assistance to the patient. Before prescribing medical aid, an attempt should be made to determine what poison the patient has ingested.

First aid

:-Try to induce vomiting by any means.

:-Do not throw away the label of the poison used, but give it to a doctor.

:-When it is done, separate a part of it to send to the laboratory.

:-Consult a doctor immediately.

:-Keep poisonous medicines out of the reach of children.

:-Loosen the patient's clothing.

:-If there is an obstruction in the process of breathing, artificial respiration should be tried.

Some types of poison

Baladona is a natural is natural herb 🌿 that is used to get poison from its nectar, that is used as a medicine to apply to the wounds. Some people also use it as an intoxicant.

The following symptoms are present in such patients.

Symptoms

:-The patient's pupils are dilated.

:-Throat becomes dry.

:-Feeling thirsty.

:-The face becomes hot and red.

:-The patient becomes nauseous.

:-In some cases, the life of the patient is due to the cessation of heart and soul may also end.

Medical aid

:-The patient should not be allowed to sleep. Water should be poured on the mouth to wake up.

:-Be induced to vomit.

:-The patient's body temperature should be maintained so that the patient should be made to drink coffee Or use a hot water bottle.

:-If necessary, resuscitate with artificial respiration.

:-A doctor should be consulted immediately.

Arsenic

Apart from coloring wood and preserving animal hides, arsenic is also used in pesticides. This poison is commonly available in the market. It occurs in white nodules. This is the poison used in most suicide attempts.

Effects

:-Bloody vomiting and diarrhea begin.

:-The patient becomes nauseous.

:-His pulse slows down.

:-Irritation and inflammation in the mouth, throat and stomach.

:-Severe pain in the stomach.

:-Stomach swelling occurs.

Medical aid

:-The patient should be induced to vomit immediately.

:-A hot water bottle can be used to keep the patient warm.

:-Avoid feeding spicy food to the patient.

:-A doctor should be consulted immediately.

4-Snake Bite

The snake transmits its poison to every human being through its two front teeth. After being bitten by a snake, teeth marks are left on the patient's body.

In this case, blood comes out from the place where the teeth are marked, while the bite of a less venomous snake does not make these marks more obvious. Only this place becomes swollen and pain is felt.

Symptoms

:-Scars are formed.

:-The pulse drops.

:-The patient is semi-anesthetized.

:-The patient starts vomiting. The pupils of the eyes dilate.

:-Blue marks appear around the bite site.

:-The body starts sweating.

:-Feeling nervous and restless.

:-The body begins to fail.

:-Sometimes death also occurs.

Medical aid

:-Tie a rope or bandage tightly near the wound towards the heart. Sothat the poison may not rush towards the heart.

:-The poison can also be sucked out of the mouth, but for this it is necessary that the help provider don't have wounds in his mouth .

:-A new blade should also be used to incise the area and draw out the poisonous blood.

:-The patient should not be allowed to sleep.

:-The injured area should be kept lower than the heart.

:-Take the patient to the hospital immediately.

5-artificial respiration

When a person is unable to breathe on their own or has difficulty breathing, artificial respiration is the act of giving breath by any means to keep him alive. Human body needs oxygen to survive. We enter this oxygen into our body through breathing. If there is difficulty or obstruction in the process of getting air in or out of the lungs, or if the respiratory system is blocked, it can be life-threatening. Air is injected into the lungs of such patients through artificial ventilation. This process continues until the breathing is recovered.

There are many causes of suffocation some of which are listed below.

:-By getting something stuck in the throat

:-Due to heart disease

:-due to epilepsy or stroke

:-Due to severe cough

:-By getting caught up in more crowd

:-Due to poisonous gas entering the body

:-Due to electric shock

:-By drowning in water

:-Due to falling under the debris

Due to any of the above reasons, if there is difficulty in breathing and this condition persists for a few minutes, the patient becomes unconscious. In such case, immediately

First the patient's breathing should be restored.

The following methods are commonly used for artificial respiration

1-Mouth to Mouth Method.

This method is considered very good and effective for artificial respiration. In case of electric shocks, poison gas and poisonous drugs, the artificial respiration process has to be continued for a long time. Then push the head back and lift the chin to open the airway, all the while opening the mouth and cleaning it from the inside so that the airway cannot be blocked. After that, the inhaler should sit on two knees near the patient's shoulder, now close the patient's nose with one hand, then take the air into his lungs through long breath and at the same time release it forcefully in the patient's mouth. It should be noted that during this time the air should not escape from any part of the patient's mouth or nose. After breathing into the body, when the patient's chest expands, turn your mouth to the other side and breathe. During this time, your attention should be on the patient to see when his breathing is restored. If there is no pulse and breathing at all, then after every 5 seconds continue breathing through the mouth until breathing is restored.

2-Schafer's Resuscitation Method.

According to this method, spread the patient's arms forward and turn him face down. The inhaler sits on his knees by the patient's side, then places both hands on the patient's back and presses down forcefully so that air can enter the lungs. Repeat this process every 3 seconds until the patient's breathing is restored.

3-Sylvester's Method

In this procedure, make the patient lie straight on the ground with his hands on the back of the chest. Place a pillow etc. under the patient's head so that the head is bent backwards and also clean the patient's mouth well from inside so that the airway cannot be blocked. The resuscitator should kneel near the patient's shoulders so that his knees are on either side of the patient's head. Then the breath restorer leans forward and puts pressure on the back of the patient's chest with both hands. After applying pressure, remove the patient's arms from the chest to open the chest. By this process the air will enter the lungs. Repeat this process every 5 seconds until the patient is breathing.