Meaning and Types of Supervision
Monitoring
Monitoring means monitoring the progress of an ongoing work and ensuring that the work is being done according to the plans and instructions and correcting any wrongdoings if necessary.
As far as the educational supervisor is concerned, it means
giving the right direction to the educational process and critically evaluating
it so that education and learning can be developed better.
Educational supervision is not only meant to supervise the
teaching in the congregation. Rather, the aspect of education should be taken
into consideration and the factors that influence it should also be taken into
consideration. Many thinkers have defined the concept of supervision, some of
the famous ones are mentioned below.
Through the cooperation of those persons, who cooperate
with the students. The process of improving teaching is supervision. It
motivates teachers to grow and enables them to help themselves. Monitoring
program for teaching reform is a correcting program.
Thus according to another academic:
It helps the teachers in evaluating the shortcomings and
weaknesses of the students. Making suggestions for teaching reform and
assisting teachers in the preparation and delivery of instructional statements.
Formative supervision is an essential component of any
discipline, and the best type of supervision aims to provide teachers with
dynamic rules and regulations
To inform and enable him to develop self-confidence in his
work.
Supervision is meant to provide such services. Which are beneficial
to develop confidence in teachers , so they could have to be confidence in their guidance.
It has helped in developing leadership skills.
Monitoring
includes the following:
(1) Supervision respects personality and individual
differences and provides opportunities for each person to express them.
(2) Monitoring provides support in various projects and
policy formulation.
(3) Gives motivation to the teachers in performing their
duties.
(4) Supervision is not the exercise of authority but
leadership.
Briefly we can divide these duties into seven areas that
require supervision.
(1) Classroom supervision.
(2) Edited Syllabus -
(3) Trial and review.
(4) Psychological study of children
(5) Preparation of audio-visual aids.
(6) Personal growth.
(7) Public relations-
modern concept of
supervision provides answer of the following questions:
(A.) What should be taught?
(b) Where should it be taught?
(c) When should it be taught?
(d) How to teach?
These questions are conceptualized and understood by the
modern theories of education. In the modern supervision system, teachers are
not made to panic but find out their problems and find their solutions. using
all the resources of the school is the meaning of monitoring.
Management and Supervision:
Management and supervision are inseparable. Supervision strives
for better teaching and learning. It is related to more academic matters, i.e.
mostly related to the activities of the class, while the immediate purpose of
discipline is not this, but its task is to create harmony in the activities of
the teachers in various fields.
The task is to provide better working conditions to the
teachers and to make full use of their abilities. Management is to provide
professional leadership where educational institutions exist.
The task of
supervision is to facilitate the work of this leadership by providing
appropriate guidance. Management is to fulfill educational needs.
While supervision serves to improve educational needs. Due
to the crisis, there are five ways of working and it can be improved.
Monitoring helps to improve the school system by identifying the weaknesses of
the system. Through monitoring, it is possible to critically evaluate the work
done in educational institutions.
The awareness of all teaching factors within the teachers is
possible only through supervision and management proves to be the key to the
proper use of the awareness of the teachers.
Supervision is the assistant of management in administrative
matters. Schools need supervision to run under a certain management and plan.
Supervision is a boon in every aspect of discipline, curriculum, content, pedagogy,
curricular activities are all improved through supervision and this is what
discipline is required for.
Types of
Supervision :-
There are some well-known types of monitoring which are
detailed below.
(1)
Corrective supervision
This is an ancient concept of supervision whose main purpose
is to find out the weaknesses and shortcomings of the subordinate staff.
The main purpose of this type of supervision is
to create fear and demonstrate authority. This type of supervision lacks
guidance, teachers' activities are subject to fear and temporary in nature. The
purpose of which is to get rid of appearance and supervision staff.
Teachers are not inclined towards creative process. This
type of supervision is not appreciated in today's era. Such supervision is also
called authoritarian supervision. Because in this the supervisor's behavior is
authoritarian. If something is against his will, he does it without considering
the feelings and emotions of people who are working under his control.
(2)
Preventive supervision:
This type of supervision is better than the
former. It’s main point is that where the supervisor uses his authority also considered
the difficulties of teachers and provides suitable solutions. In this type of supervision
the behavior of a supervisor is realistic. He has the knowledge of teachers, teaching
problems being a supervisor.
(3) Non-intrusive monitoring:-
Under this type supervision, supervisor has
no interest in school business and is
dependent on others, thereby affecting school performance. Because teachers
under such supervision try to be accepted their right and wrong desires as well.
CREATIVE SUPERVISION -
This kind of supervision frees the teachers
from outdated education rules and regulations and unnecessary bureaucracy and
instills self-confidence in them.
They develop a passion for work and work
creatively with others. This type of supervision is constructive in nature. The
role of supervisor is very important in creative supervision. He is a
professional person who is aware of professional nuances. His attitude is
instructive and supportive. He starts his work by planning before supervision,
helps teachers in their work and provides guidance. His work is not one-sided,
but he gets the support of teachers and other concerned people to bring out his
desired results.
(5) Democratic Oversight:
In this type of supervision, the supervisor
carries out all the academic activities and with the advice of the teachers
and, in some cases, the students. By doing this, the staff is motivated and
every member cooperates cheerfully and the atmosphere of the organization
remains pleasant.
(6) Scientific monitoring:-
In this type of supervision, the supervisor
is a critical evaluator. He is completely unaware of the results of scientific
research. Also, he/she is able to evaluate and use standard tests and
understand analytical data through appropriate methods.
(7) Authority-Based Supervision:-
In such supervision, the supervisor uses
his position and powers. Such supervision is also authoritarian.
(8) Supervision of inspection side:-
In such supervision, monitoring is made the
basis for finding defects in the same type of monitoring Inspection is used to
find solutions.
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