What is philosophical foundations of education:
It is a fact that education is based on the philosophy of society. Philosophy provides the intellectual foundation of any system of education. In education, the objectives of education, curriculum development, teaching management, etc. are developed through philosophy, so it is very important to know philosophy:
What
is philosophy?
It is quite difficult
to define philosophy because different thinkers have highlighted its different
angles, so there is a difference in the definition of thinkers, but all
thinkers of philosophy agree that this knowledge is related to the search for
truth.
"Philosophy" which is a combination
of two Greek words "Sophia"+ "Philien" "Philien"
means lover, lover and seeker. "Sophia" means wisdom . Thus, its
literal meaning is love of wisdom or the pursuit of wisdom.
Definition:
From the above meaning, philosophy is defined as:
A mirror of education,
Philosophy is the constant striving to find or cultivate
wisdom."
According to Plato;
Philosophy is the name of the knowledge of eternity and
essence of things."
According to Aristotle;
A philosophy is one which investigates the nature of that
which it is and the attributes which are related to it by its very
nature."
Herbert Spencer says
that science is partly systematic knowledge and philosophy is completely
knowledge.
H.J. Hurst believes that;
Philosophy is a branch of theoretical research that
considers fundamental issues such as man and the universe.
According to Bertrand Russell;
Philosophy is a conscious effort to answer transcendental
questions after continuous evaluation
Modern definition:
The persistence of philosophy is the name given to the
attempt to have a meaningful purpose and value as a whole."
A scope or field of philosophy:
After knowing the literal meaning and definitions of
philosophy, it is known that what are the limits of philosophy? What is its
scope? Or what are the areas of it that philosophy discusses.
A brief description follows:
1-Ontology
2-Epistemology
3-Axiology
Ontology:
Such questions are related to the reality of the universe,
its nature and essence are discussed. For example, what is the real first? One
or more? Is it material or religious, etc., it is also called metaphysics.
There are three types of existentialism: Dualism
A Monism
B- Dualism
C- Pluralism
A. Monism:
This means that the universe came into existence from only
one essence. Take it from three sides
I- Idealism or Spiritualism
II- Materialism or Naturalism
III-Neutralism
B-Dualism
According to it, the primary reality is not one, but two,
i.e., mind and matter are separate.
C-Pluralism
By this, means innateness has come into existence from
countless essential gems.
Epistemology:
Under this field come questions related to the nature of
knowledge, its sources and limits. There are many theories about it and all
philosophers are in a quest to find out the true nature of knowledge. But so
far it has not been successful.
Axiology:
This branch of philosophy deals with questions related to
values or standards. The problem of meaning or value has been a personal
problem of man. It arises when something satisfies a human desire or need.
There are three types of values:
A. Truth
B. Beauty
C – Goodness
The relationship between philosophy and education
Different thinkers have different ideas about the
relationship between philosophy and education. Thinkers agree that philosophy
and education are closely related. Rather, they help each other.
According to George Newsom Jr, philological education is the process of using practical philosophy in education. His statement shows that philosophy and education are separate fields. Their interrelationship is that in education the facts described by philosophy are used and education can be made useful. It also follows that philosophy indicates a goal and education helps to nurture that goal.
According to John Dewey, another view is that philosophy and
education are one and the same. A proponent of this theory is John Dewey.
According to him, through education, the concepts of philosophy are put into
practice. Then education is further reformed through philosophy. Philosophy
helps in every aspect of education and
in every place.
Theoretical
or conceptual aspects:
Nowadays it is said that philosophy is essential for
education. If philosophy does not highlight the theoretical or conceptual
aspect, modern education is not possible. As if it is necessary for education,
but to say that both are necessary for each other is wrong because if the
educational aspects of philosophy are not followed, philosophy is alive in its
place but education will not be alive i.e. necessary for education.
Fields of philosophy and education:
Philosophy of human life gives a system of thought on the
power of religion and the philosophy of society. Human values, religion and
philosophy of life are of great importance for education, so philosophy is the
base for knowledge.
Four areas of education are of great importance:
(a) Objectives of education
(b) Curriculum
(c) Methods of Education
(d) Educational Administration
( (a) OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION:
The main objective of education is to transmit the culture of the society to a generation. Protecting and preserving it defines and reconstructs it. Philosophy, after reflection, explains how education can achieve these goals. Philosophy analyzes its current objectives whether these objectives are correct according to the present times or if they need to be changed and how this change is possible and how the objectives can be made comprehensive.
(b) CURRICULUM:
After the objectives comes the curriculum. The philosophy
tells what the foundations of the curriculum will be. What aspects of society
will it highlight? What are the needs of society? In order to make the
curriculum relevant to the society because the curriculum that does not meet
the needs of the society is rejected.
(c) METHODS
OF EDUCATION:
Teaching method is the important stage of education. Without
them, formal education is incomplete and even impossible. Philosophy tells us
what will be the basis of teaching methods and how can they be interesting?
(d) EDUCATIONAL
ADMINISTRATION:
Philosophy also provides basic concepts of educational
administration. Philosophy tells how educational institutions should be. Their
management will be democratic or dictatorial. Educational management is also a
part of the society therefore it is formed according to the ideology of the
society and while the ideology of the society also provides the philosophy.
If we examine the life values of society, religion,
culture, traditions and different fields of education, it is known that
philosophy is the beginning of education. Education is the theoretical aspect
and education is the practical aspect of philosophy
As the philosophy of education is closely related to the education. If this relationship is broken, then the society will suffer from disintegration, the structure of education will be destroyed. Philosophy is the life of education and they are closely related.
0 Comments