Incidental recording and observation techniques.
Incidental record
This knowledge is also important for the parents when a
student first enters the school. A student's happiness actually reflects the
practical role of the school and its teachers in how the school welcomes the
student.
Events of extraordinary importance have been taking place in
the life of a student. It is the teacher's right to study such incidents and he
can collect such incidents about a student and then keep them confidential.
Student information should not be submitted for publication
or printing, regardless of historical significance. By gathering this
information for the teacher, the teacher can find the essence of his teaching
process and reduce the difficulties of the student, which is possible only if
the student's reactions can be understood.
For example, if a child sitting near the chalkboard in the
classroom is moved away from the chalkboard one day. So what will be his
reaction? Finding out why he wants to sit near the chalkboard can only be done
by a teacher who has a compassionate exchange for knowledge and has earned the
student's trust.
When the teacher noticed that the student lost interest in
learning due to his changed place, it became necessary for the teacher to feel
his responsibility and seat the student in the previous place. This event is
also of extraordinary importance for the teacher to study the student's
reaction and find out whether the reaction was due to the teacher's behavior or
the reason the student's need was ignored. It is possible that the student's
vision is weak and sitting close to the chalkboard he can clearly see the
teacher's writing on the chalk word. House studies every move and tries to
follow it. Whatever the reasons for the reaction, the teacher should gain the
student's trust and try to understand his difficulties or reactions. What is
the purpose of creating a case record that problems of students deserving of
special attention should be studied. These students include intelligent, dull or
all kinds of students with physical defects who want the teacher's attention.
Incident records should not be completed by another teacher,
nor should such incidents be mentioned to such teachers or other companions,
who find the practice behavior to be a routine for the information of the
incident record to be used for the betterment of the student. A chronology
record is not a complete writing tool for the student. Along with the wider
scope of evaluations, this plays an important role in preventing negative
incidents from being used by the teacher for any other purpose. Anecdotes
related to the student should be used only from a constructive perspective.
Observation technique
Observation technique
refers to the process with the help of which a change in a character can be
studied. This change reduces and hides the intensity of any superstition or
superstition in a person. During the observation, the responsibility is imposed
on the actor to bring the realistic imagery into the writing so as not to let
the reality of the imagery remain unreal by doing too much or too little on his
part. The observer has to visualize from an unbiased position after collecting
the records of more than one observation and analyzing them to get closer to
the reality and draw accurate conclusions. Observation is fundamental in
research work because with its help the veils are lifted from facts, because
observation is closely related to facts and theories and the purpose of
observation is to confirm theories and derive more facts by acting on theories.
Therefore, there is a need for a discussion on the important conditions of
knowledge acquisition and observation, which is being written on the following
pages for the readers.
Important conditions for observation.
Every person who has
been blessed by God with the qualities of this five senses does not recognize
any action and it is enough for each of us to take notice of it, but some
events are so complicated that they Understanding and describing or covering in
writing is considered a very difficult and responsible task. It is also true
that only experts using observational techniques on a scientific basis can
suggest solutions to complex problems through observation, for example if you
ask your friend who enters your room if it is raining outside. Whether it is
raining or not, he will immediately say that yes, it is raining because before
entering your room, he has seen the heavy and light rain with his own eyes, so
he has told the truth.
But before starting the observation process, you need to
select the opportunity, determine the time, prepare and organize the
appropriate action, provide the necessary accessories and get other
instructions.
Factors should be further studied such as attention,
beauty and imagination etc. Attention is essential for successful observation.
It has to do with the mental health of the witness (the observer) and the ability to remain alert to perceive and visualize the occurrence of events, since at one point in time the witness is observing countless phenomena. Admittedly, he only gives his attention to those phenomena which he considers more important. Thus he begins to distinguish between specific and general phenomena.
That part of observation that distinguishes between
specific and general events and selects only the specific event can be
called "attention." Attention is a process that involves
intentionality and training. And matures with time. In the process of
attention, an attempt is made to keep personal desires separate from the event,
otherwise the facts cannot be found. For example, to observe the
extracurricular activities of a student in the educational system, the
observation record of the participation of the student in the speech
competition should be compiled with the intention of knowing the strengths and
weaknesses of the student so that It can be corrected.
The senses keep a person aware of his environment, but
different parts of the human body, which are called the head of this sense, are
sometimes unable to convey the correct information, for example, the
temperature of water by touching the water with the hand. It can even be known
whether the water in one vessel is hotter than the water in another vessel or
not, but the hand is unable to tell the exact temperature, so the certified
temperature can only be known with the help of a thermometer.
It will be applied in social research in such a way that a
stranger cannot go to a locality and study its customs and traditions. For this
kind of study, the foreigner has to settle down and prove himself a good neighbour
to develop connections with the people there so that he can participate in the
rituals and ceremonies and feel that traditions
How do they happen? Imagination: Imagination is born from
feelings and the event gets its meaning from action, but every two people have
two different ideas of the same thing in their minds. while for another person
the same cloth is a happy colour.
The quality of colour and the amount of colour in the other
are two different qualities, so in order to make the record of concepts
meaningful, the witness has to make himself a reliable observer with the help
of external and internal observation so that he can be called a valid
researcher. In order to create familiarity in the observation, the witness
should ask himself why it is like this. Non-dual non-meaningful concept is
higher than feelings and thoughts.
It is the meaningful
concept that takes the status of language, yet the same concepts that are
observed in written or spoken form have different meanings and interpretations
of these concepts by different researchers.
How important is the use of equally meaningful concepts and
extensions in research work to understand an experience, and what is the status
of theories and facts in the light of these experiences, in which there is a
possibility of disagreement?
be There are also levels of facts, and one of them has a
different nature than the other, which separates and distinguishes them from
each other. can remain and evidence of their existence can be relied upon.
1.The grades of facts are facts to the extent of awareness
with the help of the senses.
(2) facts to be
described or interpreted and
(3) facts used as
abstract reasoning. go According to theorists and strategists, the
philosopher's job is to create theories, while the scientist's job is to reveal
facts, even though theories are based on facts and facts give rise to more
theories. With the passage of time, the human mind is also progressing and
moving towards its destination with the help of various theories and facts in
understanding its surroundings.
A theory is actually a statement that is considered to be
equivalent to a principle or principle. Confirming or rejecting theories is
only possible through reasoning, the evidence of which is in the form of facts.
In scientific
experiments and social or educational research, theories have an important
place, for example, effective methods of education cannot be ignored in
generalizing education.
Which method of teaching is more effective is evaluated with
the help of experiments and there is a theory that teaching with audio-visual
aids is more effective and effective.
Abstract Scientifically based observation provides
opportunities for combining theories and facts and helps in determining healthy
paths of development in society. Education is also a need of the society.
Therefore, by using the method of observation, the method of education should be improved and useful sciences should be made popular.
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